ThinkPHP3.1快速入门（15）模板布局

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正文概述
ThinkPHP的模板引擎内置了布局模板功能支持，可以方便的实现模板布局以及布局嵌套功能。
有三种布局模板的支持方式：

第一种方式：全局配置方式

这种方式仅需在项目配置文件中添加相关的布局模板配置，就可以简单实现模板布局功能，比较适用于全站使用相同布局的情况，需要配置开启LAYOUT_ON参数（默认不开启），并且设置布局入口文件名LAYOUT_NAME（默认为layout）。

‘LAYOUT_ON’=>true,
‘LAYOUT_NAME’=>’layout’,

开启LAYOUT_ON后，我们的模板渲染流程就有所变化，例如：

Class UserAction extends Action {
    Public function add() {
        $this->display(‘add’);
    }
}

在不开启LAYOUT_ON布局模板之前，会直接渲染Tpl/User/add.html模板文件,开启之后，首先会渲染Tpl/layout.html模板，布局模板的写法和其他模板的写法类似，本身也可以支持所有的模板标签以及包含文件，区别在于有一个特定的输出替换变量{__CONTENT__}，例如，下面是一个典型的layout.html模板的写法：

<include file=”Public:header” />
{__CONTENT__}
<include file=”Public:footer” />

读取layout模板之后，会再解析User/add.html模板文件，并把解析后的内容替换到layout布局模板文件的{__CONTENT__}特定字符串。
当然可以通过设置来改变这个特定的替换字符串，例如：

‘TMPL_LAYOUT_ITEM’      =>  ‘{__REPLACE__}’

但是一个布局模板同时只能有一个特定替换字符串。
采用这种布局方式的情况下，一旦User/add.html模板文件或者layout.html布局模板文件发生修改，都会导致模板重新编译。
如果需要指定其他位置的布局模板，可以使用：

‘LAYOUT_NAME’=>’Layout/layoutname’,

就表示采用Tpl/Layout/layoutname.html作为布局模板。

如果某些页面不需要使用布局模板功能，可以在模板文件开头加上{__NOLAYOUT__}字符串。
如果上面的User/add.html模板文件里面包含有{__NOLAYOUT__}，则即使当前开启布局模板，也不会进行布局模板解析。

第二种方式：模板标签方式

这种布局模板不需要在配置文件中设置任何参数，也不需要开启LAYOUT_ON，直接在模板文件中指定布局模板即可，相关的布局模板调整也在模板中进行。
以前面的输出模板为例，这种方式的入口还是在User/add.html模板，但是我们可以修改下add模板文件的内容，在头部增加下面的布局标签（记得首先关闭前面的LAYOUT_ON设置，否则可能出现布局循环）：

<layout name=”layout” />

表示当前模板文件需要使用layout.html布局模板文件，而布局模板文件的写法和上面第一种方式是一样的。当渲染User/add.html模板文件的时候，如果读取到layout标签，则会把当前模板的解析内容替换到layout布局模板的{__CONTENT__}特定字符串。
一个模板文件中只能使用一个布局模板，如果模板文件中没有使用任何layout标签则表示当前模板不使用任何布局。
如果需要使用其他的布局模板，可以改变layout的name属性，例如：

<layout name=”newlayout” />

还可以在layout标签里面指定要替换的特定字符串：

<layout name=”Layout/newlayout”  replace=”{__REPLACE__}” />

由于所有include标签引入的文件都支持layout标签，所以，我们可以借助layout标签和include标签相结合的方式实现布局模板的嵌套。例如，上面的例子

<include file=”Public:header” />
<div id=”main” class=”main” >
{__CONTENT__}
</div>
<include file=”Public:footer” /> 

在引入的header和footer模板文件中也可以添加layout标签，例如header模板文件的开头添加如下标签：

<layout name=”menu” />

这样就实现了在头部模板中引用了menu布局模板。
也可以采用两种布局方式的结合，可以实现更加复杂的模板布局以及嵌套功能。

第三种方式：使用layout控制模板布局

使用内置的layout方法可以更灵活的在程序中控制模板输出的布局功能，尤其适用于局部需要布局或者关闭布局的情况，这种方式也不需要在配置文件中开启LAYOUT_ON。例如：

Class UserAction extends Action {
    Public function add() {
        layout(true);
        $this->display(‘add’);
    }
}

表示当前的模板输出启用了布局模板，并且采用默认的layout布局模板。
如果当前输出需要使用不同的布局模板，可以动态的指定布局模板名称，例如：

Class UserAction extends Action {
    Public function add() {
        layout(‘Layout/newlayout’);
        $this->display(‘add’);
    }
}

或者使用layout方法动态关闭当前模板的布局功能（这种用法可以配合第一种布局方式，例如全局配置已经开启了布局，可以在某个页面单独关闭）：

Class UserAction extends Action {
    Public function add() {
        layout(false); // 临时关闭当前模板的布局功能
        $this->display(‘add’);
    }
}

总结

三种模板布局方式中，第一种和第三种是在程序中配置实现模板布局，第二种方式则是单纯通过模板标签在模板中使用布局。具体选择什么方式，需要根据项目的实际情况来了。

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